2025 NABTEB GCE LITERATURE: 2025 NABTEB GCE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH ANSWERS (9773)

(4)

Modernity and Tradition;

This is perhaps the most conspicuous theme in the play. It initially seems like Soyinka is setting a clear dichotomy between these two things, tradition embodied by Baroka and modernity embodied by Lakunle. However, as the play progresses Soyinka defies the audience's assumptions. Lakunle espouses a variety of backwards views and seems to abandon his progressive principles when it is convenient to do so. Similarly, Baroka says he does not hate progress but merely finds its sameness and stagnation boring. He is preparing to use a stamp machine to make the village make money as they do in Lagos. Soyinka thus suggests that progress is not bad, but that it must be done on African terms.

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(i)Allegory: Allegory is a work that has primary and secondary meanings. The dark woman in the poem is a symbol of Africa as a continent. Africa is a beautiful and lovely continent. She is seen as the beloved of the world. Her natural resources attracted the Western world.

(ii)Metaphor: The dark woman is compared to life, new land, paradise, sun, star etc.

(iii)Simile: The beauty of the woman strikes the poet-speaker “like the flash of an eagle.”

(iv)Interior Monologue: The poet persona speaks his thought to an addressee.

(v)Apostrophe: The whole poem is one long apostrophe. The poet addresses an unseen woman and Africa in general.

(vi)Imagery: Basically, the poet uses visual pictures of nature.

(vii)Repetition: Words like “dark woman”, “naked woman” are repeated in the poem to drive home the dominant message.

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