2024 NABTEB LITERATURE: 2024 NABTEB LITERATURE IN ENGLISH ANSWERS (6433)

Theme of Greed and Betrayal: Hardly can these be taken away from tragic drama. Greediness will lead to betrayal and betrayal will pave way for violence. Lambio was greedy by not been satisfied with the royal affiliation he enjoyed, he was hungry for the throne. In order to satisfy his greed, he betrayed Gbanya’s trust and further betrayed his blood sister Queen Yoko. While Lambio remained the kingpin of atrocious acts against the leadership in Mende, he dragged Musa (the seer) into his partnership because Musa’s secrets of evil deeds were at his fingertips. This is probably the most prevalent theme in the play. It plays a significant impact on the plot development of the play. Both Lamboi and Musa betray the community and some prominent characters. Lusting for power, Lamboi recruits the services of Musa, the chief priest to help with his plan to unseat Gbanya permanently from his throne, in order to prevent him from appointing Yoko as his next successor. Musa could have chosen not to comply but he had skeletons in the cupboard; things he would not want the public to get wind of. He has offered human sacrifices severally in exchange for prosperity and longevity. He has long betrayed his good office with his indulgence in human rituals all in the name of seeking the goodies of life. When the opportunity presents itself, the duo betrays Gbanya by appearing to relieve him of the lowly humiliation Dr Rowe subjected him to. They poison him, and Lamboi attempts to usurp his 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' throne. Thus, they betray an unsuspecting Gbanya who had trusted them with his life and taken them as allies. Again, they betray Yoko, Gbanya’s successor. Rather than perform their advisory and priestly duties, Lamboi and Musa choose to mislead the villagers about Yoko. They kill Jeneba, mutilate her and bury her body. However, they cajole the villagers to believe that Yoko has buried the poor girl’s body alive so she could receive favours from the colonial governor. This betrayal and the humiliation that follows largely influence Yoko’s suicide. In a nutshell, Musa and Lamboi betray Gbanya, Yoko, and their public offices in their lust for power.

(2ii) Queen Yoko: Queen Yoko is the Ruler of Mende chiefdom who is described to have a brain made from music. In history ,Yoko is seen by many of her subjects as a usurper and a friend of the colonial adminstration; she remained controversial throughout her reign until her death in 1906. In the play,this controversy is packaged as a defiance of the cultural norm that women should not dare rule during war. Because of her loyalty to her husband and her desire to lead,being somebody else's wife after her husband does not appeal to her.

            She want to inherit the chiefdom of Senehum after her husband and she played the politics of succession well. Because it is war time,her husband prefer Ndapi his chief warrior. She would rather die than share a bed with Ndapi. She is greedy and insolent. Her insistence at having control of her space and fighting a culture set up that no consideration for woman as rulers,she has to be tough and insolent to push her agenda through.

          Yoko is portrayed as a beautiful, ambitions and courageous woman who joins an all male secret society (the feared poro society) and consequently loses her right to motherhood,though not to her sexuality. She knows not everyone is happy that she is the chief of Kpa-Mende, especially her brother Lamboi. In becoming a male female ,Yoko is much feared by her male contemporaries,envied by women in her 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' constituency , and doubly pliable in the hands of British rulers. The Governor describes her as a shining example not only of African feminine pulchritude but of one who blends grace, magnanimity,bravery l, audacity , tranquillity and majesty.

        Being a visionary who willingly gives up the privilege of childbearing for the leading chieftaincy title in all of Kpa-Mende,she is willing to disprove the myth of female inferiority. Kargbo had done a tremendous job of portraying Yoko as an impressive ruler of heroic proportions.

She feel so disgraced by the Governor's boundary demarcation to reduce her territorial control in spite of her years of loyalty to him. It is a painful realization for Yoko that a this while she was being used and now she is being humiliated.

(2iii) King Gbanya:

Gbanya is Yoko's husband,ruler of Mende chiefdom. He has 37wives but cherishes Yoko the most because of her pragmatic nature and contributions to the affairs of the Senehum chiefdom . Gbanya may have many wives but Yoko's Sterling qualities stand her out before him,besides investing into the smooth running of the chiefdok through the Sande women. She of course has a burning ambitions to inaherit the throne one day. Male chauvinism is highlighted here. This is a notion Yoko is out to correct by striving to ascend the throne of Mende chiefdom. We have a chief who has a balanced view of governance and rational in 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' his approach . Given his military strength and capabilities,Gbanya's leadership style is guided by necessity and what is just . 

Gbanya believes that a woman is only good for the loins of a man and not for the important affairs of governance . He commands the finest and most courageous band of fighters in Mende land but had diplomatic disposition; he chooses carefully the war to fight and the ones to ignore . Gbanya's ignoble treatment underlines the humiliation the colonial masters subjected African traditional rulers to during the colonial period. He suffers intense humiliation in the hands of Governor Rows who flogged him publicly and equally fined him in his own domain. 

           Death is an inevitable end of every mortal but the manner of dying is not known to anyone until when the time comes. As royalty, Gbanya's does not want a humiliating death but he ironically foreshadows an unpleasant end. It is a dramatic irony that Gbanya falls victim to the humiliating death he fears. He died through poisons in the hands of his men with his skin turning black as charcoal. He saw through their treachery and manages to hand over power to Yoko,his wife before his final breath.

(5a)
(i) Wool
(ii) Skins
(iii) meat
(iv) Faeces

(5b)
Pseudopregnancy (false pregnancy) is a condition in which a doe seems to be pregnant but is not. This can result from a sterile mating or from physical stimulation, such as being mounted by another rabbit, which causes a physiological response in the doe, resembling pregnancy.

(5c)
The rabbit is a pseudo-ruminant because its digestive system has only three compartments in the stomach, it does not chew the cud or have a rumen, but it does depend on bacterial digestion of cellulose for much of its nutrition.

(5d)
(i) Bright and dry eyes.
(ii) A healthy appetite.
(iii) Dry front paws
(iv) Strong and good set of teeth.
(v) A healthy coat.
(vi) Nice damp nose

(5e)
Coprophagy in rabbits is a behavior where rabbit reingests its own excreted faeces including eating faeces of other species, of other individuals, those once deposited or taken directly from the anus.

(7a) Loading....

(7b) (Choose any 6)

i. White brown Pig

ii. Black color

iii. Hampshire

iv. Hereford pig

v. American Yorkshire

vi Berkshire pig

vii. Landrace

(7c)

i. Housing: Pigs can be kept alone or in small groups in a pig sty, a concrete or solid floored pen with a low shelter. When building a sty you should choose an area which is never flooded in the rainy season. It should not be too near to houses so that smells and flies are a nuisance. The floor should be concrete and sloping away from the sleeping area so that urine flows out and away. The concrete floor should be laid on a good foundation and will need to be 5 - 6 cm thick. If the concrete is too thin and cracks, the pigs will soon start to dig it up. An earthen floor cannot be kept clean and will lead to problems with parasites and other diseases. The walls of the sty need to be fairly smooth so that they can be kept clean. Cracks in the walls will allow dirt and germs to accumulate.

ii. Feeding: The pigs may be given complete feed they can consume to attain maximum growth. Alternatively, they may be fed a fixed quantity twice or thrice a day. Yet another method that they may be fed all the quantity they consume within a fixed time of 30-45 minutes or so. On an average, the post-weaning feed conversion efficiency till market weight may be about 4 i.e. this much quantity of feed 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' would be used by the pig to gain one kg of weight. However, it varies considerably with age and ambient temperature. Protein requirements are greater during early life. As fattening progresses, protein per cent in the ration may be decreased. This period may be considered from weaning (9-10 kg) to the slaughter weight of 90-100 kg. Entire males, castrates and females can be fattened for meat purposes. The entire males and females may have higher feed conversion efficiency than castrates. Castration if required may be done at the age of 3-6 weeks. Castrates are more docile and put on slightly more fat. Growers may be grouped according to sex, size and weight as uniformly as possible. The difference in weight between the small and large pig in a lot should not be more than 20%. Up to 15 pigs may be conveniently put together in a pen. In summer, sprinklers, wallowing tanks etc. may be provided in addition to shades to cool pigs. Poor growers may be identified, culled and removed from the lot at the earliest. Deworming may be done two weeks after weaning and may be repeated once in two months if necessary.

iii. Hygiene: Hygiene is the management of dirt that can be seen partially: to separate and remove this dirt from a surface, through water and a detergent. In other words : to make the surface as free as possible from organic soil, that would impede the disinfectant to reach the surface.

In the play “Fences” the conflict August Wilson uses most to drive all the other conflicts and elements of the story is Troy vs. himself. Wilson’s intent is to show how racial segregation and injustice can create difficulties in families, a lack of self-esteem, and lead to uncontrollable circumstances. Troy’s, dissatisfaction with the way his life has turned outdrives the rest of the conflicts that play out in the other events that take place in the story. Troy’s main dissatisfaction is because he never got a chance to live out his dream of playing professional baseball due to his age by the time black men could play in the league’s although he blamed the problem on racism. Turn in your highest. Major Conflict Troy and Cory’s opposing views on how Cory should spend his future deteriorates after Troy prohibits Cory from playing football and going to college. Their relationship disintegrates further when Troy reveals he has been cheating on Cory’s mother with another woman and has gotten her pregnant and signed papers permitting Cory’s Uncle Gabe to be committed to a mental hospital while Troy lives in a house paid for by Gabe’s money.

Oumar Farouk Sesay, the extremely talented poet of Sierra Leone wrote the most heart rending poem- Song of the women of my land . The major theme of the poem is the sorrowful expression of the extremely toilsome and exploited lives of the women of the poet's mother land. The poet cites the plight of all the women of his country who all laid their lives in struggle and toil but left behind the song of their lives . Their song still echoes in the land reverberating and reflecting the extreme torture of slavery they had to face . They never got any bit of justice. There was no one to relieve them from their pain or bond. They kept ploughing the terrain of their landscape without any relief. So the theme of their song was the expression of their collective pain . They knew they would not survive the immense pain but their song would live after them with their souls and soils. Learn more on The song of the women of my land: