2025 WAEC GCE SECOND SERIES (NOVEMBER) AGRICULTURE: 2025 WAEC GCE Second Series Agricultural Science QUESTION AND ANSWERS (9283)

(1)

(i) Provision of storage facilities 

(ii) Provision of processing facilities 

(iii) Establishment of marketing board

(iv) Government should buy to sell at subsidized price

(v) Encouragement of crop export 

(1b)

(i) Hoe, Cutlass

(ii) Hand trowel, Cutlass

(iii) Harvesting knife, Sickle, Dibble

(iv) Milking machine, Sheller

(1c) 

(i) Economic limitation 

(ii) High cost of purchase/maintenance 

(iii) Inadequate technical know-How

(iv) Most farmers are illiterate 

(v) lack of maintenance culture

(2ai) Irrigation is defined as the artificial or manmade application of water to soil or land for farming purposes. OR Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil to supplement insufficient rainfall.

(2aii)

(i) It increases crop productivity vir crop yield.

(ii) Irrigation provides humid environment for the breeding of pest and pathogens of crops.

(iii) It assists in facilitating crop production all year round.

(iv) It soften the soil for east tillage operation.

(v) It also cools the soil by reducing the soil temperature during the dry season when the soil temperature I very high. Plant growth is thus improved.

(2aiii)

{UNDER USE OF SPRINKLERS} 

(i) The amount of water supplied is regulated.

(ii) It economizes the use of water.

(iii) it is costly to construct and operate.

{UNDER SURFACE IRRIGATION}

(i) The volume of water, especially in flooding, may be difficult to control.

(ii) It removes excess water caused by heavy rainfall especially in heavy soils.

(iii) It is easier to construct and operate.

(2b)

(i) Agriculture provides market for industrial products, e.g. farm machinery, chemicals, fertilizer, etc.

(ii) Provides food to industrial workers.

(iii) both agriculture and industry compete for labour.

(iv) agricultural development allows for a shift of factors of production to the industry.

(v) 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' rise in agricultural income due to efficient and economic factor combination brings about development of the industrial sector of the economy.

(2c)

(i)Leafhopper; rice tungro virus

(ii)Mealybug; cocoa mottle leaf virus.

(iii)Aphid; bean common mosaic virus

(iv)Whitefly; yellow mosaic diseases

(3a)
Under Symptoms;
-Brown colour at the margin of leaves.-

-Chlorosis along the leaf-

(v)The whole plant looks pale to yellowish green

(vii)Poor appetite

Under Deficient nutrients
(i)Potassium (K)
(iii)Nitrogen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus

Under fertiliser to supply the Deficient nutrients.
(ii)Muriate of Potash
(iv)Ammonium Sulfate 21-0-0.
(vi)Ammonium Sulfate 21-0-0.
(viii)Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)

(3bi)
Reforestation is the process of planting trees in a forest where the number of trees has been decreasing.

(3bii)
Afforestation: This is the planting of new trees to replace the ones that have been cut down. This ensures the continuous availability of trees all the time. Afforestation in other words, is the growing of tree seedlings to make a forest.

(3biii)
Selective exploration: This involves the cutting down of matured trees while allowing the younger ones to reach maturity before they are cut down.

(3c)
(i)Maple tree
(ii)Flowering dogwood tree
(iii)Tulip tree
(iv)River birch tree

(4ai)

soil requirements; The most important aspect of the soil for banana plants is that it must be well-draining. Any soil that holds water can quickly kill a banana tree. This means that the soil you use to plant your banana tree should include loamy, sandy soil , not fine sand that clings together, but larger grains that drain easily.

(4aii)

Land Preparation; Clearing of the land which is followed by stumping and maklng of ridges or heaps. It can also be done mechanically through ploughing, harrowing and riding.

(4aiii)

method of propagation; Banana is propagated by vegetative means any time from April to September. Dig a hole and plant the sucker with ball .of earth. The hole should be 60cm x 600m. The holes are filled with soil mixed with organic matter.

(4aiv)

Fertilizer requirements; Apply Muriate of potash 25kg/ha by ring method at regular intervals.

(4av)

(i)Banana aphid.

(ii)Banana flower thrips.

(4avi)

(i)Stem Borer; The larvae of some insects bore into and destroy the tissue of the plant.

(ii)Nematode; It makes the root of banana to grow galls or knots, leading to poor growth.

(4avii)

Harvesting: A bunch of banana is harvested when the fruit is severed from the bunch stalk by using cutlass. At times the pseudo-stem is cut until the tree falls.

(4b)

(i)Many chicks can be hatched at a time in a short while.

(ii)Another thing 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' is that it is possible to plan when to hatch the chicks unlike with the hen one may not know when it can sit for the eggs.

(iii)Artificial incubation cannot spread parasites and diseases to the chicks and lastly there is no cost for feeding a broody hen since an incubator is used.

(iv)Chances of eggs spoilage are minimized since all eggs are subjected to the optimal hatching temperatures.

(v) There are no chances of the hen damaging eggs through pecking, a common occurrence with natural incubation.

(4c)

(i)cuttings

(ii)layering

(iii)division

(iv)budding and grafting.

(5a)

(i) Phenotype: These are all the observable characteristics of an animal which includes the animal's appearance, development, and behavior that result from the interaction of its genotype (total genetic inheritance) with the environment.

(ii) Chromosome: This is a structural unit of the nucleus of a cell of an animal which carries the gene in a linear order.

(iii) Hybrid: These are animals produced by the cross-breeding of two genetically different varieties or species of animals.

(iv) Gametes: These are the mature reproductive or sex cell that contains a haploid number of chromosomes.

(v) Filial generation: This is a generation in a breeding experiment that is successive to a mating between parents of two distinctively different but usually relatively pure genotypes.

(5b)

[PICK ANY FOUR]

(i) It helps to reduce or neutralize soil acidity.

(ii) Lime application helps to increase the activities of soil living organism.

(iii) Liming makes nutrients like calcium and phosphorus more readily available for tissue development.

(iv) Lime increases the rate of water percolation in clay soil.

(v) It reduces turbidity in fish ponds through floculation property.

(5c)

[PICK ANY FOUR]

(i) They reduce the growth of host animals.

(ii) High infestation can affect the respiration of host animals.

(iii) It causes indigestion and constipation.

(iv) It results 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' in loss of appetite, weakness and may result in death.

(v) It destroys many of the organs during the migration of the young worms.