2024 NABTEB AGRICULTURE: 2024 NABTEB AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (2240)

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(1a)
(i) Disease control using various types of chemical
(ii) Provision of storage facilities e.g. silos.
(iii) Development of better roads to facilitate movement of agricultural products from farms to markets.
(iv) Construction and use of farm buildings to facilitate crop processing
(v) Improved farm management system

(1b)
(i)Higher income yields
(ii)Stability and consistency of income
(iii)Capital growth potential and diversification
(iv)Ability to collectively invest and maintenance

(1c)
(i) Harrows
(ii) Ploughs
(iii) Ridgers
(iv) Sprayer
(v) Mower

(1d)
Aquaculture is a type of farming which involves the cultivation of aquatic organisms and aquatic plants for human consumption under controlled conditions. This type of farming activity is usually carried out in brackish, fresh or salt water.

(2a)
Plant nutrient is defined as the chemicals, including nitrogen and phosphorus, necessary for the growth and reproduction of aquatic rooted, attached, and floating plants, fungi, or bacteria.

(2bi)
-CONTINOUS CROPPING-
[Pick any three]
(i) Frequent crop removal depletes the soil of nutrients
(ii)It encourages multiplication of soil pathogens that reduce soil quality
(iii) It exposes the soil if crop residues are removed, leading to erosion of nutrients
(iv) Frequent cultivation may lead to excessive oxidation and loss of organic matter
(v) It encourages multiplication

(2bii)
-ORGANIC MANURING-
[Pick any three]
(i) increase in soil fertility
(ii) improvement of soil structure
(iii) Regulates soil temperature
(iv) improves soil aeration
(v) Controls soil erosion

(2biii)
-BUSH BURNING-
[Pick any three]
(i) Sterilization of the soil
(ii) it destroys the soil structure
(iii) it increases the soil PH
(iv) Destroys soil organic matter
(v) Exposes soil to erosion / Leaching

(2c)

(3a)
(i) Soil requirement:
- Well drained soil, rich in nutrients
- Sandy-loamy soil
- Thrive on neutral or alkaline soil

(ii) Method of propagation:
- Propagated by seed
- May be planted manually and machanically

(iii) Planting date:
- Early maize is planted between March and April.
- Late maize is planted in August.
- Maize (early or late) is also planted depending on location and rainfall.

(iv) Seed Rate:
- 25 - 30kg maize seed is recommended per hectare.
- 2 - 3 seeds are also recommended per hole.
- Quantity usually depends on spacing/ plant population desired.

(v) Three methods of harvesting:
- Harvested either green or dry.
- Mostly harvested green for consumption when the silk dries and turns brown.
- Harvested by plucking the cobs on a small scale and by machines such as corn-picker on a large scale.

(vi) Storage:
- Cobs are stored in cribs,rhumbus and fire-place on a small scale
- Dry grains are stored in silos, on a large scale

(3b)
(i) Cultural Control: This involves the use of Crop Rotation, resistant varieties, tillage practices, regular weeding, fallowing timeliness of planting e.t.c to control or prevent disease.

(ii) Biological Control: This involves the use of natural enemies of diseases to reduce or totally eliminate the diseases.

(iii) Chemical Control: This involves the use of chemicals such as fungicides, nematicides and incesticides to dust or spray plant materials in order to prevent or control plant diseases.

(iv) Plant Quarantine: This involves the legal restriction on the movement of agricultural commodities for the purpose of exclusion, prevention or delay in the establishment of plant diseases in areas where they are not known to occur.

(v) Physical Control: This Involves the physical removal of infected crop or plant.

(4ai)
Progeny selection It is the choosing/selecting an animal based on the performance of the offspring for breeding purposes.

(4aii)
Pedigree selection is a breeding method in which the breeder keeps records of the ancestry of the cultivar.

(4aiii)
Inbreeding, involves the mating of more closely related animals than the average of the population from which they come.

(4iv)
Outbreeding, is the transfer of gametes from one individual to another, genetically different individual

(4b)
(i) There is lack of land because it requires large area and therefore not good for commercial purposes.
(ii) When badly managed, it may result in the accumulation of germs and parasites.
(iii) It exposes the birds to extreme weather conditions

(4ci)
A capon is a male chicken about 16 weeks to 8 months old which is surgically unsexed.

(4cii)
A broiler is any chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) that is bred and raised specifically for meat production.

(5a)
(i) The salvage value of the tractor N200,000.00 i.e. the price at which e tractor was sold off.

(ii) Total depreciation = Cost price - salvage value of the harvester = N1,000,000- N200,000.00 = N800,000.00

(iii) Annual depreciation = Total depreciation/no of years
N800,000/9 = N88,888.89

(iv) Appreciation value: The harvester suffered a loss or reduction in worth 9 years. Therefore, appreciation is nil.

(5b)
(i) Daily farm records
(ii) Records of farm implements and equipment
(iii) Production records
(iv) Record of agricultural inputs

(i) Daily farm records: These are the records of all important daily activities and events that happen on the farm. These records help the farmer keep track of past farming activities and plan for future activities

(ii) Records of farm implements and equipment: This is used to keep an inventory of all the equipment on the farm and their quantity. It can also contain the date of purchase of the equipment and sometimes their description.

(iii) Production records: Production records are used to document everything that is produced on the farm. These records are prepared every week. And then summed up at the end of the month and also at the end of the year. Thus, there is a weekly record, a monthly record, and an annual record of everything produced on the farm. They helps to keep track of how well the farm is doing.

(iv) Record of agricultural inputs: This record is used to keep track of all agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, seeds, etc. The record often also contains the amount of that was bought, the amount that has been used, and what is left.

(5c)
Selective exploitation is the cutting down of matured trees while allowing the younger ones to reach maturity before they are cut down.

(6a)
Apiculture can be define as the art of rearing, breeding and managing honey bee colony in artificial hives for economic gains through the production of honey and other bee products for man’s use.

(6b)
(i) Wearing of protective clothing
(ii) Putting warning symbols near apiaries
(iii) Location of apiaries far away from human dewelling
(iv) Keep chemicals to a minimum and handle with caution
(v) Be gentle when moving the bees
(vi) Wearing of beekeeping gloves

(6c)
(i) Protection of territorial waters: No vessels (except canoes) shall fish within the first two nautical miles of the water of the Nigerian continental shelf.

(ii) Ban on the use of explosives: The use of explosive substances for fishing is prohibited because it often results in the death of both the mature and the young fishes.

(iii) Population control: This involves the use of other fish types like claries (catfish) to eat up tilapia or early harvesting to prevent over population

(iv) Mesh size regulation: This involves the use of a particular inesh of net size that only the matured fishes are caught, Thus protecting the young ones.

(v) Close season: This is a regulation in which no fishing is permitted to take place for a given period of time. This allows the smaller fishes to grow and mature.

(vi) Ban on the use of chemicals or poisonous materials: The use of noxious or poisonous chemical is prohibited because it also results in the death of both matured and the young ones

(6d)
Crop improvement can be defined as the ways of developing and breeding of crop varieties which are better than the pre-existing cultivars in a number of characters like taste, height, colour, etc. for a better yield.

(7a)
(i) Land includes all the gift of nature e.g. water, soil, air etc. It is used in production.

(ii) Labour refers to all human effort put into production. Sources of labour include personal labour, community labour, family labour.

(iii) Capital refers to all man-made productive.assets which are used in production e.g. farm buildings, tools, money etc.

(7b)
(i)Individual problem can be easily solved.
(ii) Percentage of adaption is very high.
(iii)Extension worker will get first hand information about rural problem.

(7c)
(I)AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL MANAGEMENT TRAINING INSTITUTE
(ii) OPERATION FEED THE NATION (OFN)
(iii) NATIONAL ACCELERATED FOOD PRODUCTION PROGRAM (NAFPP)

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