2024 NECO HISTORY : 2024 NECO History (His) Verified Answers with questions (3243)

(1)

(i) Trade and Commerce: Establishing diplomatic ties allowed for enhanced trade and commerce between the states. This brought economic benefits to the states involved as they could exchange goods resources and services in a more organized and mutually beneficial manner.

(ii) Security and Defense: Diplomatic ties fostered a sense of unity and cooperation among the states which was essential for collective security and defense. By collaborating and forming alliances they could better protect themselves against common external threats such as raids from other states or external powers.

(iii) Cultural and Social Exchange: Diplomatic ties provided opportunities for cultural and social exchange. States could share knowledge traditions customs and technologies thereby enriching their own societies. This led to an increased understanding and respect for one another's cultures fostering a sense of unity and shared identity.

(iv) Conflict Resolution: Diplomatic ties provided a platform for peaceful resolution of conflicts that might arise between states. By engaging in diplomatic negotiations disputes and tensions could be resolved through dialogue and compromise rather than resorting to violence and warfare. This promoted stability and prevented the escalation of conflicts.

(v) Communication and Information Exchange: Diplomatic ties facilitated the exchange of information and communication between states. This was important for keeping 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' abreast of developments sharing news intelligence and coordinating actions which was particularly crucial in times of crisis or emergencies.

(vi) Political and Diplomatic Influence: Establishing diplomatic ties allowed states to gain political and diplomatic influence within the region. By forming alliances and maintaining cordial relations they could raise their stature and gain leverage in regional affairs. This enabled them to negotiate better terms in treaties and agreements and have a voice in regional decision-making.

(vii) Preemption of External Influence: By promoting diplomatic ties amongst themselves the various states aimed to preempt external interference or domination. This was particularly significant at a time when European powers were increasingly expanding their colonial ambitions in Africa. By presenting a united front the states could resist external pressures and maintain their sovereignty to a certain extent.

(2)

(i) Geographic barriers: Nigeria's interior region is characterized by dense rainforests vast savannahs and river systems which posed significant challenges for European exploration and penetration. The difficult terrain hindered easy access to the interior leading Europeans to primarily focus their activities along the coastal areas.

(ii) Disease and health risks: The coastal regions were relatively more accessible to European merchants and explorers but they still faced significant health risks from tropical diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. Europeans had limited knowledge and immunity to these diseases making it dangerous for them to venture too far inland.

(iii) Local resistance: The indigenous populations in Nigeria particularly those in the interior often resisted European encroachment. Many Nigerian ethnic groups had well-established social and political structures that were protective of their territories. They viewed Europeans as potential threats to their sovereignty and resisted their presence.

(iv) Slave trade dynamics: During this period the primary focus of European activities in Nigeria was the transatlantic slave trade. The coast served as a major hub for capturing enslaving and transporting African slaves to the Americas. Therefore Europeans strategically concentrated their activities in the coastal areas where they could easily access and trade with local African slave traders.

(v) Lack of economic 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' incentives: The interior regions of Nigeria were not initially attractive to European traders due to the absence of highly sought-after resources like gold and spices. The coastal areas on the other hand provided access to valuable commodities such as palm oil ivory and later on groundnuts which motivated European traders to stay along the coastline.

(vi) Technological limitations: Europeans faced technological limitations in terms of transportation and communication which further restricted their activities to the coast. Without efficient means of transportation and communication venturing into the interior would have been logistically challenging and economically unviable.

(3)

(i) Agriculture: Agriculture formed the backbone of the Nupe economy. The kingdom was situated in a fertile region along the Niger River and benefited from favorable agricultural conditions.

(ii) Trade: The Nupe Kingdom was strategically located along important trade routes, serving as a middleman between the Saharan and West African regions. The kingdom facilitated the trade of goods such as salt, kola nuts, cotton, ivory, slaves, and other commodities. 

(iii) Tribute: The Nupe Kingdom had a centralized political structure with a hierarchical system of administration. Local chiefs and rulers within the kingdom owed allegiance to the Nupe king, and they paid tribute in the form of goods, livestock, or labor. 

(iv) Taxes: Nupe rulers likely imposed taxes on their subjects, including levies on land, livestock, and economic activities.

(v) Craftsmanship and Artistry: The Nupe people were known for their skilled craftsmanship and artistic traditions. They produced a wide range of goods, including pottery, textiles, woodcarvings, metalwork, and leather goods. 

(vi) Tribute from Conquered Territories: The Nupe Kingdom expanded through military conquests, incorporating neighboring territories and kingdoms. Conquered regions would have paid tribute to the Nupe rulers, providing additional revenue streams.

(4)

(i) British interests in the West African palm oil trade: The British had a strong economic interest in palm oil which was a valuable commodity at the time. Lagos situated in modern-day Nigeria was a major palm oil trading center. The British desired to establish control or influence over this trade to ensure their dominance in the global market.

(ii) The disruption of British trade and influence: The King of Lagos Oba Kosoko had been exerting his authority over British subjects and interfering with British trade. This included several instances of capturing British ships and detaining their crews. These actions were seen as threats to British commercial interests and their imperial prestige leading to a desire for retaliation.

(iii) Slave trade suppression: The British government had been actively working to suppress the transatlantic slave trade which was still prevalent in West Africa. Lagos was known to be involved in the illegal slave trade and the British viewed securing control over the region as a means to weaken and dismantle this trade.

(iv) Humanitarian concerns: Reports of human rights abuses and the mistreatment of captured slaves in Lagos further motivated the British to take action. Humanitarian sentiment combined with the desire to eliminate the slave trade provided a moral justification for the bombardment.

(v) Expansion of British influence: The bombardment of Lagos aimed to enforce British dominance and control over 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' the region. It aligned with broader objectives of expanding the British empire and establishing colonial authority over parts of Africa.

(5)

(i) Demographic Disruption: Nigeria was one of the major sources of slaves during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Millions of Nigerians were captured and forcibly transported to the Americas resulting in a significant loss of population. This led to a demographic imbalance with certain regions experiencing a decline in population and a disruption in social structures.

(ii) Economic Disruption: The slave trade had a detrimental impact on Nigeria's economy. Many able-bodied men and women were captured and sold resulting in a labor shortage. This in turn affected agricultural production trade and economic development. It also resulted in the loss of skilled craftsmen leading to a decline in local industries.

(iii) Sociocultural Effects: The slave trade had a profound sociocultural impact on Nigeria. Communities were disrupted and torn apart as families and individuals were captured and sold. The loss of individuals with valuable skills and knowledge also had long-lasting consequences as traditional knowledge and cultural practices were eroded.

(iv) Political Instability: The slave trade contributed to political instability in Nigeria. The capture and export of slaves led to power struggles and conflicts between various ethnic groups seeking to control and exploit the slave trade routes. This often resulted in wars and unrest further destabilizing the region.

(v) Long-Term Effects: The trans-Atlantic slave trade had long-term 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' effects on Nigeria. It created a legacy of inequality and discrimination based on race and caste. The trade contributed to racial hierarchies and the development of a stratified society where certain ethnic groups were considered superior or inferior based on their connection to the slave trade.

(6)

El-Kanemi also known as Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi was a prominent leader who made significant contributions to Borno in the 19th century in Nigeria. He was the founder and ruler of the Islamic state of Kanem-Borno which was one of the largest and most powerful states in West Africa during his time.

One of El-Kanemi's major contributions was the consolidation and expansion of the Kanem-Borno Empire. He implemented effective administrative and military reforms strengthening the state's governance and military capabilities. This allowed the empire to withstand numerous invasions and external pressures ensuring its territorial integrity and stability.

El-Kanemi was also a fervent promoter of Islamic teachings and principles. He encouraged the spread of Islam throughout the empire establishing Islamic schools mosques and religious institutions. This led to the widespread adoption of Islam by the people of Borno transforming the region into a center of Islamic learning and scholarship.

Furthermore El-Kanemi played a crucial role in promoting trade and commerce in Borno. He actively encouraged the development of trade routes and markets fostering economic prosperity within the empire. This stimulated the growth of various industries and facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas with neighboring regions.

Additionally El-Kanemi's administration prioritized agriculture and irrigation. He implemented innovative farming techniques and 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' irrigation systems improving agricultural productivity and ensuring food security within the empire. This in turn led to population growth and the expansion of urban centers within Borno.

El-Kanemi's contributions to Borno in the 19th century left a lasting impact on the region. His leadership and reforms not only strengthened the political and military stability of the Kanem-Borno Empire but also promoted the spread of Islam facilitated economic growth and improved agricultural practices. These developments laid the foundation for Borno's continued cultural economic and political significance in the region.

(7)

(i) Limited resources: The British colonial administration in Nigeria had limited resources and manpower to govern a vast and diverse territory. Adopting indirect rule allowed the British to govern Nigeria by leveraging the existing indigenous administrative structures and traditional rulers thereby minimizing the need for large numbers of British officials.

(ii) Maintaining social stability: Indirect rule aimed to preserve existing social structures and hierarchies in Nigeria. By relying on traditional rulers to govern their own territories the British sought to avoid disrupting local power dynamics and potential resistance to colonial rule. This approach helped maintain social stability and prevent widespread unrest.

(iii) Cultural preservation: Indirect rule sought to preserve indigenous African customs and traditions. By working with traditional rulers the British allowed for the continuation of local laws customs and institutions which helped to maintain cultural identity and minimize cultural resistance to colonial rule.

(iv) Cost-effectiveness: Indirect rule was seen as a cost-effective way to administer colonial territories. By relying on existing indigenous administrative structures the British could reduce the need for extensive infrastructure and personnel thereby saving money and resources.

(v) Local collaboration: Indirect rule allowed the British to enlist the support of local authorities and rulers. By collaborating with 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' traditional leaders the British could gain their loyalty and cooperation which facilitated the smooth administration of the colony and minimized resistance to colonial rule.

(vi) Familiarity with local conditions: Indigenous rulers possessed local knowledge and understanding of the customs languages and social dynamics of their territories. By allowing these rulers to maintain their positions of authority the British could benefit from their expertise and insights making governance more effective.

(8)

(i) Federal Structure: The constitution established a federal system of government divided into three regions: Northern Western and Eastern. Each region had its own legislative house and executive council with a governor representing the British crown.

(ii) Legislative Powers: The constitution granted extensive legislative powers to the regional assemblies allowing them to make laws on a wide range of subjects including education agriculture health and local government.

(iii) Governor-General: The constitution recognized the British monarch as the ceremonial head of state and provided for a Governor-General to represent the monarch in Nigeria. The Governor-General appointed ministers and advised the regional governors.

(iv) Western Region House of Assembly: The notable features of the 1951 constitution was the establishment of a bicameral legislature in the Western Region consisting of a House of Assembly and a House of Chiefs. The House of Chiefs represented traditional rulers and had limited legislative powers.

(v) Universal Adult Suffrage: The constitution introduced universal adult suffrage granting the right to vote to all adult citizens irrespective of gender or ethnicity. This was a significant step towards political inclusivity and democratic representation in Nigeria.

(vi) Judicial System: The constitution established a federal court system headed by a Supreme Court to handle legal matters and ensure the rule of 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' law. The constitution also established a Judicial Service Commission responsible for the appointment of judges.

(vii) Protection of Fundamental Rights: The constitution included a chapter on fundamental human rights guaranteeing citizens certain rights and freedoms such as freedom of speech religion and assembly. It also provided for the establishment of a Human Rights Commission to monitor compliance.

(viii) Amendment and Review: The constitution included provisions for its amendment and review allowing for changes to be made as necessary through a legislative process.

(9)

(i) Economic Development: Under the military regime Nigeria experienced significant economic growth. The government implemented policies to diversify the economy focusing on industries such as oil and agriculture. This led to a substantial increase in revenue and the establishment of infrastructure projects across the country.

(ii) Infrastructural Development: The military governments initiated various infrastructural projects that helped in modernizing Nigeria. Numerous roads bridges and highways were constructed improving transportation networks across the country. Additionally the government invested in the development of telecommunications power generation and water supply systems.

(iii) Agricultural Development: The military governments recognized the importance of agriculture in Nigeria's economy and pursued policies to boost agricultural production. They implemented programs that encouraged mechanization improved irrigation techniques and promoted research and development in the agricultural sector. These initiatives increased food production and reduced dependency on imports.

(iv) Education and Healthcare: The military governments prioritized the improvement of education and healthcare systems. They increased funding for educational institutions constructed schools and universities and expanded access to education for previously marginalized communities. Similarly efforts were made to enhance healthcare services by 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' establishing new clinics hospitals and vaccination programs.

(v) National Unity: The military regimes also focused on promoting national unity and integration in a diverse nation like Nigeria. They encouraged cultural exchanges initiated inter-ethnic dialogues and implemented policies to reduce regional disparities. These efforts played a crucial role in fostering a sense of nationhood and reducing ethnic tensions.

(vi) Foreign Relations: Military governments in Nigeria also made significant strides in foreign policy. They strengthened diplomatic relations with other African countries played an active role in regional and international organizations and pursued policies that enhanced Nigeria's influence in global affairs. This helped in promoting Nigeria's image and attracting foreign investments.