2024 WAEC CIVIC: 2024 WAEC Civic (Civic Education) Verified Questions and Answers (7490)

(1a)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i)Civic education equips individuals with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to become active and informed citizens.

(ii)Civic education is vital for the functioning and strengthening of democratic systems. It helps individuals understand the importance of democratic values.

(iii)Civic education promotes social cohesion by fostering a sense of shared identity, values, and goals within a diverse society.

(iv)Civic education encourages individuals to actively engage in their communities and take responsibility for addressing social issues.

(v)Civic education instills values such as respect, tolerance, integrity, and social responsibility. It helps individuals develop an ethical framework that guides their behavior and decision-making.

(vi)civic education prepares individuals to be active participants in the global community. It promotes understanding of global issues, cultural diversity, and interdependence.

(vii)Civic education equips individuals with a global perspective, enabling them to understand global challenges, interconnections, and their responsibilities as global citizens.

(viii)Civic education emphasizes the value of diversity, promoting respect for different cultures, beliefs, and identities. It encourages dialogue, understanding, and appreciation of diverse perspectives.

(1b)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i)Fostering Civic 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' Knowledge and Understanding: Citizenship education equips individuals with knowledge and understanding of their country's history, political systems, institutions, and cultural heritage.

(ii)Developing Civic Skills and Competencies: Citizenship education cultivates essential civic skills and competencies, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, effective communication, and collaboration. 

(iii)Promoting Active Citizenship and Civic Engagement: Citizenship education encourages active participation in civic and community affairs. It promotes a sense of responsibility and empowers individuals

(iv)Instilling Values and Ethical Behavior: Citizenship education helps instill values such as respect, tolerance, empathy, and integrity. These values promote social cohesion, cooperation, and ethical behavior among citizens.

(v)Cultivating National Identity and Unity: Citizenship education plays a vital role in cultivating a sense of national identity and unity. It helps citizens develop a shared understanding of their nation's heritage, symbols, traditions, and aspirations.

(vi)Enhancing Democratic Participation: Citizenship education is closely linked to democratic participation. It educates individuals about their rights, responsibilities, and the importance of participating in democratic processes, such as voting etc

(vii)Building Social Cohesion and Understanding: Citizenship education promotes social cohesion by encouraging citizens to 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' appreciate and embrace the diversity within their nation.It emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting different cultures, religions, and perspectives.

(2a)

(CHOOSE ANY THREE)

(i) Legal and Constitutional Basis: The extent to which a constituted authority derives its power from a legal and constitutional framework plays a crucial role in determining its legitimacy. When authority is established through lawful processes, such as elections, appointment procedures, or constitutional provisions, it enhances its legitimacy in the eyes of the society.

(ii) Consent and Support of the Population: Legitimacy is closely tied to the consent and support of the population. When citizens voluntarily recognize and accept the authority's right to govern, it strengthens its legitimacy. Public support can be demonstrated through electoral participation, public opinion polls, or popular demonstrations of support.

(iii) Fair and Transparent Decision-Making: Legitimate authority is expected to make decisions in a fair and transparent manner. When decision-making processes are inclusive, participatory, and open to scrutiny, it enhances the legitimacy of the authority. Transparency helps build trust and ensures that decisions are made in the best interests of the society.

(iv) Accountability and Responsiveness: Legitimate authority is accountable to the population it governs. When constituted authorities are responsive to the needs and concerns of the people, and when mechanisms for holding them accountable exist, it enhances their legitimacy. Public officials who are 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' held responsible for their actions and are transparent about their performance strengthen the legitimacy of the authority.

(v) Respect for Human Rights and Rule of Law: Legitimate authority upholds and protects human rights and operates within the framework of the rule of law. When the constituted authority respects and safeguards individual rights, promotes equality, and ensures justice, it enhances its legitimacy. Conversely, actions that violate human rights or undermine the rule of law erode legitimacy.

(vi) Effective Governance and Service Delivery: The ability of a constituted authority to effectively govern and provide essential services to the population contributes to its legitimacy. When the authority is capable of addressing public needs, such as maintaining security, improving infrastructure, delivering public services, and managing the economy, it strengthens its legitimacy in the eyes of the society.

(2b)

(CHOOSE ANY SIX)

(i) Legitimacy of Authority: When citizens perceive the government and its institutions as legitimate, they are more likely to comply with its directives. Legitimacy can be established through free and fair elections, respect for the rule of law, and transparency in decision-making.

(ii) Effective Governance: A well-functioning government that effectively addresses public needs and provides essential services fosters citizens' obedience. When the 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' government delivers on its promises, such as improving infrastructure, maintaining security, and ensuring basic amenities, people are more likely to comply with its authority.

(iii) Trust in Leadership: Trust plays a crucial role in citizens' willingness to obey authority. When political leaders are perceived as trustworthy, accountable, and acting in the best interests of the people, citizens are more likely to follow their directives.

(iv) Sanctions and Enforcement: The presence of effective and fair enforcement mechanisms, such as a reliable judiciary and law enforcement agencies, can encourage obedience to constituted authority. When citizens observe that violations are appropriately addressed and there are consequences for non-compliance, they are more likely to conform.

(v) Civic Education and Awareness: Educating citizens about their rights, responsibilities, and the importance of obeying constituted authority is vital. Civic education programs that promote understanding of democratic principles, the rule of law, and the benefits of active citizenship can enhance compliance.

(vi) Effective Communication: Clear and effective communication from constituted authorities helps citizens understand the rationale behind certain policies or decisions. When information is accessible, timely, and well-communicated, citizens are more likely to comply willingly.

(vii) Social Norms and Culture: Cultural and societal norms play a role in 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' shaping citizens' obedience to authority. In Nigeria, where communal values and respect for authority are emphasized, citizens may be more inclined to obey constituted authority as a reflection of their cultural values.

(3a) Inter-communal relationships refer to the interactions, connections, and bonds between different communities or ethnic groups within a specific geographical area. It involves the social, cultural, economic, and political interactions that occur among individuals, families, organizations, and institutions from different communities.

(3b) Inter-communal relationships promote community development in Nigeria in several ways:

i. Cultural Exchange and Diversity: Inter-communal relationships provide opportunities for cultural exchange and appreciation. When different communities interact, they share their customs, traditions, languages, arts, and values. This exchange of cultural knowledge and experiences enriches the diversity of Nigerian communities and promotes mutual understanding and tolerance.

ii. Peace and Conflict Resolution: Effective inter-communal relationships contribute to peaceful coexistence and conflict resolution. When communities establish open lines of communication and engage in dialogue, it becomes easier to address misunderstandings, resolve disputes, and prevent conflicts from escalating. Promoting peaceful interactions helps to maintain stability and fosters an environment conducive to development.

iii. Economic Collaboration: Inter-communal relationships can enhance economic development in Nigeria. Communities that collaborate and engage in trade, business partnerships, and resource sharing create economic opportunities and 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' increase productivity. Cooperation among communities can lead to the development of industries, infrastructure, and markets, thereby boosting local economies and improving the living standards of the people.

iv. Social Integration and Unity: Inter-communal relationships foster social integration and unity among diverse groups. When different communities interact positively, stereotypes and prejudices can be challenged and overcome. By promoting inclusivity and a sense of belonging, inter-communal relationships create a unified society where people work together towards common goals, such as education, healthcare, and community development projects.

v. Political Engagement and Representation: Strong inter-communal relationships encourage active political engagement and representation. When communities collaborate, they can collectively advocate for their needs, interests, and rights. This inclusivity helps to ensure that diverse voices are heard in the decision-making processes at various levels of government. It promotes equitable distribution of resources, social justice, and good governance.

(4a) 

(PICK ANY THREE) 

(i) National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA)

(ii) National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC)

(iii) Nigeria Police Force (NPF)

(iv) Nigerian Customs Service (NCS)

(v) Department of State Services (DSS)

(vi) Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps 

(4b)

(PICK ANY SIX)

(i) Failure to follow medical advice can lead to the progression or worsening of the underlying medical condition.

(ii) Non-adherence can render the prescribed treatment ineffective, leading to inadequate symptom control or disease management.

(iii) Ignoring medical advice can increase the risk of complications and secondary infections. This can prolong the recovery process, worsen symptoms, and even lead to life-threatening situations.

(iv) Non-adherence to preventive measures, such as vaccination or isolation protocols for contagious diseases, can facilitate the spread of infections within the community.

(v) Non-adherence can lead to prolonged illness or the need for more intensive medical interventions, which can  result in increased healthcare costs for individuals and society as a whole.

(vi) Inappropriate use or premature discontinuation of antibiotics can contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance.

(vii) When patients consistently disregard medical advice, it can reduce trust in healthcare professionals and the 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' healthcare system overall. 

(viii) Non-adherence to public health recommendations, such as social distancing or wearing masks during a pandemic, can undermine efforts to control the spread of diseases.

4a)

In Nigeria, the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) is the primary government agency constitutionally empowered to arrest persons who commit drug-related offenses. However, there are other agencies that also play a role in combating drug-related crimes. Here are three government agencies involved in arresting individuals involved in drug-related offenses:

i). National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA): The NDLEA is the principal agency responsible for enforcing drug control laws in Nigeria. It has the constitutional mandate to arrest, investigate, and prosecute individuals involved in drug trafficking, cultivation, manufacturing, possession, and distribution of illicit substances.

ii). Nigeria Police Force (NPF): The Nigeria Police Force is another government agency authorized to arrest individuals involved in drug-related offenses. Although the primary responsibility of the police is to maintain law and order, they also collaborate with other agencies, such as the NDLEA, to combat drug-related crimes and make arrests as necessary.

ii). Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC): While the EFCC primarily focuses on financial crimes, it also has the authority to investigate and arrest individuals involved in drug-related offenses, particularly when there is a nexus between drug trafficking and financial crimes such as money laundering.

4b)

i). Worsening of Health Conditions: When individuals do not follow 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' medical advice, it can lead to the worsening of their health conditions. Medical professionals provide recommendations based on their expertise and knowledge of best practices. Non-adherence, such as skipping prescribed medications, not following treatment plans, or ignoring lifestyle changes, can prevent the effective management of illnesses. This may result in the progression of diseases, complications, and poorer health outcomes.

ii). Increased Healthcare Burden: Non-adherence to medical advice can contribute to an increased burden on healthcare systems. When individuals do not follow recommended treatments, their conditions may deteriorate, requiring more extensive and costly interventions. This can strain healthcare resources, increase hospitalizations, and lead to higher healthcare costs for both individuals and society. Additionally, non-adherence may result in preventable hospital readmissions or emergency room visits, further burdening the healthcare system.

iii). Spread of Infectious Diseases: Non-adherence to medical advice, particularly in the context of infectious diseases, can pose a threat to the wider society. Failure to follow prescribed treatments, such as not completing a course of antibiotics or not adhering to preventive measures, can contribute to the spread of infectious diseases. This can lead to outbreaks or increased transmission rates, endangering not only the health of the non-adherent individuals but also the health of others in the 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' community.

5a)

i)  Sexual activities, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex with an infected person.

ii) Direct contact with infected blood, such as sharing needles or receiving unscreened blood transfusions.

iii) Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

5b)

i) Limited Awareness and Prevention Efforts: There is still a lack of comprehensive awareness and prevention programs targeting high-risk populations in Nigeria. Insufficient knowledge about HIV transmission, prevention methods, and stigma associated with the virus contribute to the continued spread of the disease.

ii) Inadequate Healthcare Infrastructure: Nigeria faces challenges in its healthcare infrastructure, including limited access to testing, treatment, and care services in remote areas. Insufficient funding, healthcare workforce shortages, and weak healthcare systems hinder effective HIV/AIDS management and prevention efforts.

iii) Socioeconomic Factors: Socioeconomic factors such as poverty, gender inequality, and limited education exacerbate the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Nigeria. Poverty often limits access to healthcare, including antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention tools. Gender inequalities, including cultural norms and practices, can increase vulnerability to HIV, especially among women and girls.

CIVIC EDUCATION

(6a)

(PICK ANY SIX)

(i)Violence and Criminal Activities: Cultism often involves the use of violence, intimidation, and criminal activities such as robbery, kidnapping, drug trafficking, and extortion.

(ii)Loss of Lives and Property: Cult clashes and rivalries can result in frequent clashes between different cult groups, leading to loss of lives and destruction of property.

(iii)Breakdown of Law and Order: Cultism undermines the rule of law by creating a parallel system of authority and justice.

(iv)Social Instability: Cult activities can disrupt social harmony and stability within communities.

(v)Cult Recruitment and Exploitation: Cults often employ deceptive tactics to recruit vulnerable individuals, particularly young people. 

(vi)Erosion of Ethical Values: Cults often promote ideologies that contradict societal norms and ethical values. 

(vi)Academic Disruption: Cultism frequently infiltrates educational institutions, leading to the disruption of academic activities.

(6b)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i)High levels of poverty, unemployment, and inequality create an environment where vulnerable individuals are more likely to be recruited into cults.

(ii)Inadequate resources, corruption, and a lack of proper training and coordination among law enforcement agencies can hamper their ability to effectively combat cult 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' activities.

(iii)One significant hindrance to eradicating cultism in Nigeria is the lack of effective law enforcement.

(iv)Limited public awareness and understanding of the dangers and consequences of cultism can hinder eradication efforts.

(v)Cults employ sophisticated techniques of manipulation and indoctrination to control their members' thoughts, beliefs, and actions

6a)

i) Violence and Crime: Cultism often leads to an increase in violence and crime within communities. Cult groups may engage in activities such as physical assaults, murder, armed robbery, and intimidation. This poses a significant threat to public safety and security.

ii) Loss of Lives and Property: Cult-related violence can result in the loss of innocent lives and destruction of property. Clashes between rival cult groups can escalate into deadly conflicts, causing fear and instability in the society.

iii) Social Disruption: Cultism disrupts the social fabric of communities. It promotes fear, distrust, and division among people. It undermines the peaceful coexistence and hinders social development and cohesion.

iv) Erosion of Educational Standards: Cultism often thrives within educational institutions, particularly at the tertiary level. It leads to a decline in educational standards as students involved in cult activities focus less on their academic pursuits. This negatively impacts the quality of education and the future prospects of individuals involved.

v) Psychological and Emotional Impact: Cultism can have severe psychological and emotional consequences on individuals involved. Members may experience heightened stress, fear, and anxiety due to the constant threat of violence, pressure to conform, and the fear of retribution for leaving the cult.

vi) Economic Implications: 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' Cultism indirectly affects the economy of a society. The prevalence of cult activities can deter potential investors, damage the reputation of a community or institution, and hinder economic growth. It creates an unfavorable environment for businesses and investments.

6b)

i) Inadequate Legislative Framework

ii) Weak Institutional Collaboration

iii) Socioeconomic Factors

7

I. Policy Formulation and Implementation: Public service is responsible for developing policies, laws, and regulations that guide the socio-economic development of Nigeria. It involves conducting research, providing expertise and advice to policymakers, and overseeing the implementation of policies and programs.

II. Service Delivery: Public service ensures the delivery of essential services to the citizens of Nigeria, including sectors such as healthcare, education, infrastructure, transportation, and social welfare. The focus is on providing accessible, efficient, and high-quality services to improve the standard of living and well-being of the population.

III. Administrative and Managerial Support: Public service provides administrative and managerial support to the government. It ensures the smooth functioning of government institutions, departments, and agencies by handling tasks such as budgeting, human resources management, procurement, financial management, and coordination of government activities.

IV. Public Accountability: Public service promotes transparency, accountability, and good governance. It upholds ethical standards, combats corruption, and ensures the proper use of public resources. Public servants are expected to act in the public interest, follow established procedures, and be accountable for their actions.

V. Public Engagement and Participation: Public service facilitates 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' public engagement and participation in governance processes. It provides platforms for citizens to voice their concerns, provide feedback, and contribute to decision-making. Public servants engage with civil society organizations, community leaders, and other stakeholders to gather input, foster dialogue, and promote inclusive policymaking.

(9a) 

(PICK ANY ONE)

The executive arm of government in Nigeria is one of the three branches of government, alongside the legislative and judicial branches. The executive arm of government in Nigeria plays a crucial role in governance, policy implementation, and the administration of the country. Its primary function is to execute laws, provide effective leadership, and ensure the well-being and progress of the nation and its citizens. It comprises of the Police, Arm Forces and different ministries and parastatals. The President of Nigeria is the head of state and the head of government.

OR

The executive arm of government in Nigeria is one of the three branches of government. It is responsible for implementing and executing laws, policies, and programs that govern the country. The President of Nigeria is the head of the executive branch, and the office is held by the individual elected through a national election. It comprises of the Police, Arm Forces and different ministries and parastatals.

(9b)

(PICK ANY SIX)

(i)Implementation of Laws: The executive branch is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws passed by the legislature.

(ii)Protection of Civil Liberties: The executive branch is responsible for safeguarding the civil liberties and rights of citizens.

(iii)Executive Leadership: The executive arm provides leadership and direction to the government. 

(iv)Checks and Balances: 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' The executive branch acts as a check and balance on other branches of government.

(v)International Relations: The executive arm represents the country in international affairs and diplomatic relations.

(vi)Crisis Management and National Security: The executive branch is responsible for managing crises and ensuring national security. 

(vii)Accountability to the Legislature and the People: The executive branch is accountable to the legislature and ultimately to the people.