2024 NECO GCE HISTORY : NECO GCE History (His) 2024 Legit Answers (5467)

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(i) Loss of Lives: The civil war resulted in a significant loss of lives, with estimates ranging from one to three million people. This tragic loss of life had a profound impact on families and communities across Nigeria.

(ii) Displacement and Humanitarian Crisis: The war also led to the displacement of many people. Families were forced to leave their homes and seek refuge in other parts of the country or neighboring countries. This created a humanitarian crisis, with many people lacking access to basic necessities like food, shelter, and healthcare.

(iii) Economic Impact: The civil war had a detrimental effect on Nigeria’s economy. Agricultural production was disrupted, leading to food shortages and famine in some areas. The conflict also damaged infrastructure, including schools, hospitals, and roads, which hindered economic development and recovery.

(iv) Ethnic and Religious Tensions: The civil war deepened existing ethnic and religious tensions within Nigeria. It was fought between the Nigerian government, mainly composed of the Hausa-Fulani ethnic group, and the secessionist state of Biafra, largely made up of the Igbo ethnic group. These divisions and resentments still have an impact on the country’s social fabric today.

(v) Political Restructuring: The civil war prompted a reevaluation of Nigeria’s governance structure. It led to the adoption of a federal system, which aimed to address some of the underlying causes of the conflict. This restructuring emphasized the importance of power-sharing and inclusivity among Nigeria’s diverse ethnic and religious groups.

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(i) Political Instability: Nigeria’s first republic, which lastedfrom 1960 to 1966, was plagued by frequent changes in government and instability. The ruling political parties were often divided along regional and ethnic lines, leading to power struggles and conflicts. In addition, there were allegations of corruption and mismanagement of public resources, which further undermined the legitimacy of the government.

(ii) Ethnic Tensions: Nigeria is a diverse country with over 250 ethnic groups, and during the first republic, ethnic tensions were significant. The country was divided into three regions, each dominated by different ethnic groups. This led to competition for resources and power, and in some cases, violence erupted between ethnic communities. The military, seeing themselves as a neutral force, believed they could restore order and protect the unity of the country.

(iii) Poor Governance: The civilian government during the first republic faced numerous challenges in governing effectively. There was a lack of accountability and transparency, resulting in widespread corruption and embezzlement of public funds. This led to a decline in public trust and contributed to the military’s argument that a strong, disciplined government was needed to restore order and promote development.

(vi) Economic Crisis: Nigeria experienced economic difficulties during the first republic, with declining revenues from oil exports and a struggling agricultural sector. The government’s inability to address these economic challenges further eroded public confidence. The military argued that they were better equipped to manage the economy and implement necessary reforms.

(v) Military’s Perception of Duty: The Nigerian military saw itself as a guardian of the nation and believed it had a duty to intervene and restore order when the civilian government failed to do so. There was a growing frustration within the military ranks about the state of the country and the perceived incompetence of the civilian leadership.

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(i) Colonial administration: The indirect rule system in Nigeria involved the use of traditional authorities to help administer colonial rule. British officials would appoint native rulers, known as warrant chiefs, to serve as intermediaries between the local population and the colonial administration.

(ii) Preservation of traditional authority: The indirect rule system aimed to preserve and maintain the existing social and political structures in Nigeria. Native rulers were chosen based on their influence and status within their communities, which helped maintain stability and continuity.

(iii) Tribal and regional focus: The indirect rule system was implemented on a tribal and regional basis, with different native rulers being appointed in different areas. This approach recognized and respected the diversity of Nigerian societies and allowed for a more localized administration.

(iv) Consensus-based decision making: The native rulers under the indirect rule system were expected to consult with local councils, comprised of influential local leaders and elders, before making decisions. This ensured that decisions were made collectively and considered the opinions and interests of the local population.

(v) Limited direct British intervention: The indirect rule system aimed to minimize direct British intervention in the day-to-day affairs of the Nigerian people. British officials provided guidance and oversight to the native rulers but generally allowed them to govern their communities according to local customs and traditions.

(vi) Legal system: The indirect rule system also introduced a system of courts and law enforcement mechanisms at the local level. Native courts were established to handle customary cases and resolve disputes according to traditional laws and practices.

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(i) Strategic Location: The Old Oyo Empire was situated in present-day southwestern Nigeria, which had a favorable geographical location. It was positioned along important trade routes, allowing it to control and tax trade between the forest regions of West Africa and the Sahel region. This strategic location gave the empire economic advantages and enhanced its power.

(ii) Military Strength: The Old Oyo Empire developed a formidable military force, composed of professional soldiers known as the Eso and a cavalry known as the Oyo Mesi. This military strength enabled the empire to expand its territorial control and protect its interests against external threats.

(iii) Political Organization: The empire had a well-structured political system, headed by the Alaafin who centralized power and authority. The Alaafin served as the political and religious leader of the empire and had control over regional kings known as the Obas. This centralized authority contributed to stability and effective governance within the empire.

(iv) Economic Prosperity: The Old Oyo Empire was known for its prosperous agricultural economy, particularly in the cultivation of crops such as yam, millet, and maize. The empire also engaged in trade, both within its territories and with neighboring regions. The accumulation of wealth and resources further strengthened the empire’s position and allowed for the development of a prosperous society.

(v) Cultural Influence: The Old Oyo Empire had a rich culture, including a complex system of governance and a hierarchical social structure. The empire’s cultural influence extended beyond its borders, attracting admiration and allegiance from neighboring states. This cultural influence played a role in expanding the empire’s influence and solidifying its power.

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(i) Ethnolinguistic diversity: Non-centralized communities in Nigeria are characterized by a diverse range of ethnic groups and languages. Nigeria is home to over 250 different ethnic groups, each with its own distinct language and cultural practices.

(ii) Lack of hierarchical governance structure: Non-centralized communities often lack a centralized authority or governing body. Instead, decision-making is typically done through consensus or by village or clan elders.

(iii) Communal ownership of land: In non-centralized communities, land is often communally owned and shared among community members. This communal ownership promotes cooperation and a sense of belonging within the community.

(iv) Close-knit social structures: Social relationships in non-centralized communities tend to be tightly knit. Interactions are often based on kinship, with extended families playing a central role in community cohesion.

(v) Oral tradition and cultural heritage: Non-centralized communities often rely on oral tradition to pass down historical knowledge, stories, and cultural practices. This includes oral storytelling, proverbs, music, and dance as methods of preserving their cultural heritage.

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