2024 WAEC DYEING AND BLEACHING: 2024 WAEC Dyeing and Bleaching (Dye) Verified Answers (2187)

(1a)

Candle wax is a specific type of wax used for making candles. It refers to a solid, flammable substance that, when melted and combined with a wick, forms the main body of a candle. 

(1b)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i)Both candle wax and cassava paste can exist in a solid state.

(ii)Both substances can be utilized for various purposes. 

(iii)Candle wax and cassava paste can be shaped or molded into different forms. 

(iv)Both substances are sensitive to heat.

(1c)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i)Resist Agent: Candle wax acts as a resist agent, creating a barrier on the fabric that prevents the dye from penetrating the areas where the wax is applied.

(ii)Design Creation: By using a tjanting, brush, or other tools, artists apply melted candle wax to the fabric in specific patterns or designs. 

(iii)Layering: Candle wax enables the layering technique in batiking

(iv)Crackle Effect: When wax is applied in multiple layers or with varying thicknesses, it can create a crackle effect in the final design.

(1d)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i)Always place candles on a stable and heat-resistant surface

(ii)Place candles in appropriate candle holders or containers that are specifically designed for their size and shape

(iii)Never leave a burning 'copied from e x p o c o d e . n e t free' candle unattended. Always ensure someone is present in the room where the candle is lit

(iv) Always avoid moving a lit candle as it increases the risk of spills or accidents

(v)Keep candles away from areas with drafts, air vents, or open windows, as these can cause the flame to flicker, leading to uneven melting and potential spills

(2a)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i)Both batik and bleaching involve manipulating the fabric to create desired patterns or designs.

(ii)Both techniques provide a level of control over the design outcome.

(iii)Both batik and bleaching require specific tools and materials

(iv)Both techniques involve selectively applying a substance to the fabric

(v)Both processes involve manipulating the color of the fabric. 

(vi)Both batiking and bleaching can create visual contrast on the fabric.

(2b)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i)Ascorbic Acid

(ii)Sunlight

(iii)Baking Soda

(iv)Vinegar

(v)Hydrogen Peroxide

(vi)Lemon Juice

(vii)Oxygen-Based Bleach

(3)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(3i)Fabric: Fabric refers to the material used in textile production. It can be made from various fibers, such as cotton, silk, wool, or synthetic materials like polyester.

(3ii)Binder: A binder is a substance used in fabric printing or dyeing to help the color or pigment adhere to the fabric fibers.

(3iii)Fixing: Fixing refers to the process of setting or stabilizing the color on the fabric to prevent it from fading or washing out. 

(3iv)Fast: Fast refers to the colourfastness of a dye or pigment. A dye or pigment is considered fast if it has good resistance to fading when exposed to washing, light, or friction.

(3v) Wax : wax refers to a substance that is applied to fabric to create patterns or designs by resisting the dye or color applied to the fabric.

(3vi)Squeegee: A squeegee is a tool commonly used in fabric printing or dyeing processes. It consists of a flat blade or rubber edge attached to a handle

(3vii)Tjanting: Tjanting is a traditional tool used in batik, a wax-resist dyeing technique. It is a small brass or copper container with a spout or nozzle.

(5a)

The technique used is called tie-dyeing.

(5b)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i)Both techniques involve manipulating the fabric to create unique patterns and designs.

(ii)Both techniques utilize various dyes and chemicals to achieve the desired colors and effects

(iii)Both techniques require the use of twine or similar materials to tie or bind sections of the fabric

(iv)Both techniques involve immersing the fabric in water and using a heat source, such as boiling water or steam, to set the dyes.

(5c)

(i)Prepare the fabric: Start with a clean, white fabric that is suitable for dyeing, such as cotton or silk

(ii)Twist and bind the fabric: Gather sections of the fabric and twist them tightly.

(iii)Mix the dyes: Prepare the desired colors by following the dye manufacturer's instructions.

(iv)Wet the fabric: Dampen the fabric by soaking it in water. 

(v)Apply the dyes: Use a brush or  squeeze bottles to  apply the dyes onto the fabric, focusing on the exposed sections.

(vi)Let the dyes set: Allow the fabric to sit for a specified amount of time, usually several hours.

(vii)Rinse the fabric: Rinse the fabric under cool water to remove any excess dye. 

(viii)Remove the bindings: Carefully remove the twine or bindings from the fabric.

(ix)Set the dyes: To ensure the colors are long-lasting, set the dyes by either steam-heat setting

(6a)

The method to be used for fabric surface decoration is screen printing

(6b)

(i)The decorated fabric can be used to create personalized t-shirts, hoodies, or other garments.

(ii)The fabric can be transformed into decorative pillowcases, curtains, or tablecloths, adding a unique touch to interior design.

(iii)The finished fabric can be utilized in various art projects, such as quilting, patchwork, or mixed media creations.

(6c)

(i)Prepare the frame: Attach the frame mesh tightly to the frame, ensuring it is evenly stretched.

(ii)Coat the frame with emulsion: Apply the blue emulsion evenly on one side of the frame mesh using a squeegee.

(iii)Create the design: Use tracing paper to draw or trace the desired design. 

(iv)Transfer the design onto the frame: Place the traced design on the glass and position the frame with the emulsion-coated side down over the design

(v)Rinse the frame: After exposure, wash the frame to remove the unhardened emulsion. 

(vi)Set up the padded table: Place a padded table underneath the frame to provide a soft surface for printing. 

(vii)Print the fabric: Lay the fabric on the padded table and position the frame on top, aligning the stencil with the desired area on the fabric